Oscar Ichazo, a Bolivian
spiritual teacher, developed the basic principles of the Enneagram by
drawing on ancient spiritual ideas from Greek philosophy, Taoism, Buddhism,
mystical Judaism – the Kabbalah, and early Christianity. In
1970, he taught these principles to a group of forty students.
Claudio Naranjo, a Chilean psychiatrist, was among these students and he
brought the Enneagram ideas back to the
United States and elaborated on
some of them using his background in psychology. He taught the Enneagram to
students in the San Francisco area.
Ichazo originally presented
108 Enneagrams but only four of these Enneagrams are usually taught in the
United States.
They are the Enneagrams of the Holy Ideas, Fixations, Virtues, and
Passions. The most familiar Enneagram is the Enneagram of Fixations
which is also known as the Enneagram of Personality.
The Enneagram was designed
by Oscar Ichazo to distinguish the difference between Ego/Personality and
Essence, which is our true nature. There are nine personality types
(Fixations) and each type has a Holy Idea, a Virtue, and a Passion.;
The Holy Ideas are an enlightened way of experiencing life – higher
essential qualities of the mind which we experience when we are in touch
with our true nature. Each of the Holy Ideas has a corresponding
Virtue which is an essential quality of the heart that we experience when
we are in touch with our true nature. All of the Holy Ideas and the
Virtues are a part of each of us but there is one Holy Idea and one Virtue
that we especially resonate with and were attuned to at birth.
Last month we described Type
Six, the second of the three thinking types. This month we will
describe the last of the nine types - Type Seven. Previous Enneagram
articles describing the types can be found here.
As mentioned before, each
personality type has a particular Holy Idea (some of them have more than
one) and a Virtue to which they especially resonate. When contact
with the Holy Idea and the Virtue are lost, the ego substitutes a Fixation
and a Passion to compensate for the loss. Here are the Holy Ideas,
Virtue, Fixation, and Passion for Type Seven.
- Holy Ideas – Holy Plan, Holy Work, Holy Wisdom.
- Virtue - Sobriety.
- Fixation/Personality – Planning.
- Passion – Gluttony.
The Holy Ideas for Type Seven are Holy Plan, Holy
Work, and Holy Wisdom. Holy Plan is the insight that there is a
Divine Plan that is present in our inherent nature and if we are true to who we are in the moment, our unfoldment will happen on
its own.It is the understanding
that there is a specific universal design for everything including all
human beings.It encompasses the
idea of, “as above so below.”
Holy Work is whatever work we do in the “here and
now.”When we are not in our
planning mind things happen in a spontaneous way and our life moves according
to a universal design instead of in some haphazard way.Holy Wisdom is the perception that
reality is actually a succession of moments which we experience as the
“here and now” – the present - and by living in the
present, we experience the continuous unfolding of the universe.
When Sevens lose contact with their Holy Ideas
they start believing that their needs will not be met by the universe. That
there is a separate plan and a separate personal unfoldment for them. They
feel lost and don’t know
what to do or which direction to take. Their Fixation is Planning.This refers
to the reaction they have to the loss of their Holy Ideas. Because they don’t
think the universe has a plan that will take care of their needs and their
unfoldment, they try to imitate their Holy Idea by mapping and planning
their own care and personal unfoldment. This plan will ensure that they
are never in pain or never experience deprivation again.
Sevens build their ego identity around the desire
to always be happy and partake of the many pleasures of life. They
may have received a message as a child that expressing fear, pain, or negativity
of any kind was unacceptable. Anything negative must be reframed and presented
as something positive. Nothing is too difficult – everything
will turn our okay in the end. As a result, they always see
the glass as half full instead of half empty. They put a happy face on
everything.
Sevens are usually energetic, cheerful,
optimistic, playful, and a lot of fun to be around.
They are great entertainers and love to
regale others with their stories.
Sevens have been labeled the “Enthusiasts,” the
“Eternal Youth,” and the “Peter Pans of the
Universe.” They are often seen
as the “happy wanderers” and others see them as carefree and
light-hearted.
Sevens are always mapping and planning the next
great adventure. In fact, they often
get more pleasure from the planning and the anticipation of things to come
then they do from the actual culmination of their plans. They are dreamers. They get enthusiastic about their plans
but when they actually come to fruition, they don’t live up to their
expectations. This may be because they
live in the future instead of the present and once they are living that
experience, their minds automatically jump to plans for the next great
thing that they will embark upon instead of enjoying what is.
This constant planning and mapping is the Seven’s
attempt to find the satisfaction and contentment they felt when they were
in contact with their Holy Idea.They keep searching for that same sense of fulfillment but they don’t
know what will fulfill them so they tend to “taste” and
“sample” everything. Behind
this drive for pleasure and happiness is their need to avoid physical and
emotional pain at all costs. They
don’t like to be uncomfortable or to be around overly serious
people. This can result in them
getting too caught up in their personalities. They may become restless and seek more
and more experiences in hopes of finding the happiness and contentment that
they seek. They want more choices;
more options but may be reluctant to commit to any of them because if they
do, they may miss out on something better.
The more Sevens indulge their appetite for new
experiences and new pleasures the more difficult they find it to deny
themselves anything.They become
more impulsive and find it increasingly difficult to defend against painful
feelings. This brings on another
round of scheduling and planning that will provide stimulating and exciting
experiences to keep their mind off anything that might interfere with them
having a good time.When their
energy is used to avoid pain and anxiety, Sevens think that planning and
anticipating the future will bring happiness and satisfaction to them but
instead they risk becoming shallow and impulsive with less and less will
power to resist even the most minor impulses.
As with Types Five and Six, the underlying issue
for Sevens is fear. Despite the fact
that others see them as cheerful, light-hearted, and confident, deep down
Sevens see the world as a fearful, threatening place. When they lose contact with their Holy
Ideas they no longer feel supported and loved by the Universe. This creates a great deal of pain and
fear. Their way of dealing with this
fear is to put a positive spin on everything. They use intellectual activities such as
mapping, planning, and brainstorming as ways to exert control over their
feelings of pain and anxiety. They
may jump from one planned activity to another in an effort to overcome boredom
but this is also an effort to keep their attention focused externally so
that they don’t have to face any internal discomfort. They are very good at setting their
feelings aside and living in their mind.
Sevens value spontaneity and have a tendency to
follow their impulses regardless of the outcome. As a result their energy and attention
can become scattered. They may go
from one idea to the next and keep anticipating possibilities for the
future. This eventually leads to a
great deal of stress and because they can’t focus and accomplish as
much as they would like, they take on the characteristics of an average Type
One to gain more organization and self-control. But they soon feel trapped and
restricted by their self-imposed limitations (at Point One) and become
irritable and frustrated. They may
become critical and judgmental of themselves and others. This doesn’t fit in with their
ideal ego-image of themselves as happy-go-lucky, eternally positive people
and they are soon back to their old routine of mapping and planning to
avoid confronting any internal conflict.
Sevens often have the attitude that it is their
job to keep others happy and entertained. When they are with people they feel secure with, they may get tired
of this role and take on some of the characteristics of an average
Five. They may become withdrawn and
get tired of expending their energy on others. They become focused, preoccupied, and
seek the privacy of their own company until they can restore their depleted
energy.
The Passion for Sevens is Gluttony. Gluttony is usually defined as in eating
but it can also mean a huge appetite for anything such as food, drink, drugs,
books, knowledge, ideas, etc. Sandra Maitri describes it as
“an attachment to consumption.It is a need to be constantly taking
something in, chewing and tasting rather than fully digesting anything.”(2001,
pp. 238-239)< Gluttony
for Sevens is a way of handling their anxiety. Their anxiety comes
up when they are not receiving stimuli from the outside world. An inner hunger
arises and behind that hunger pain and the feeling of being deprived
of something. When Sevens feel this,
their immediate reaction is to fill this gap with external experiences or
something else that will make them happy. Maitri believes this is an attempt
to recapture the “lost
paradise within” – the lost connection with mother and on a
deeper level, the lost connection with Essence – their true
nature.
The antidote for the Passion of Gluttony is
Sobriety or moderation. Sevens love
to be cheerful, happy, bubbly, and upbeat and Sobriety doesn’t sound
like much fun to them. However,
Sobriety doesn’t require somberness and seriousness. Ichazo defines it this way. “[Sobriety] gives the body its
sense of proportion. A being in the
state of Sobriety is firmly grounded in the moment, taking in no more or no
less than it needs, expending precisely as much energy as
necessary.” It means living in
the present moment instead of mapping and planning the future and jumping
from one activity to the next.
Riso and Hudson describe Sobriety as a feeling of
being “awake, sober, and in clear contact with our immediate
experience. . . it is like a crisp morning or a
refreshing breeze.”(2000, p. 55)
While Gluttony makes us feel that our emotions are
out of control, Sobriety is experienced as a sense of quiet satisfaction
and peaceful contentment. We are grounded in the present
moment.It also brings a sense of
gratitude for life just as it is in the present moment. We find that we don’t
have to constantly plan and anticipate the future and that happiness is found
in the journey itself; not the destination. The closer we get to our destination
the more we experience the Essential quality of Joy which is the natural
expression that spontaneously arises when we are in our true nature. Joy
is a simple happiness filled with gratitude and appreciation for what we
have. Along with this experience of Joy comes trust that there is a Divine
Plan and that we are a part of that Plan.We trust that our
personal and spiritual growth will unfold in just the right way.
Bibliography
Almaas, A. H. (1998). Facets of Unity:
The Enneagram of Holy Ideas. Boston Shambhala
Publications, Inc.
Lilly, John C. & Hart, Joseph E. (1994). The Arica
Enneagram of the Personality Who am I?: Personality Types for
Self-Discovery. New
York: Jeremy P.Tarcher/Putnam.
Maitri, Sandra (2000). The Spiritual
Dimensions of the Enneagram. New York:
Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam.
Riso, Don Richard & Hudson, Russ (1999). The
Wisdom of the Enneagram. New
York: Bantam Books.
Riso, Don Richard & Hudson, Russ (2000).Understanding
the Enneagram: The Practical Guide to Personality Types. New
York: Houghton Mifflin Company. (Original
work published 1990)